Repeating yet again (it is truly essential to understand this): Scaling does not change one single image pixel in any way whatsoever, and the file size therefore stays the same. Nothing at all visible happens until the image is printed at that size. The resolution ppi is the only value that is changed and stored, and the printed inches will track or follow on paper. Or usually you can change the printed dimension in inches, and it will then calculate the necessary resolution ppi to produce that printed size. Change the resolution ppi and you will see the calculated size of printed inches change.
Therefore, it changes only the future printed resolution and size in inches. Selecting "Constrain File Size" does not allow any change of image size in pixels.
They don't ever say they are speaking only of printed inches, about the printed size and printed resolution, but they obviously are speaking only of printing size when file size and pixel dimensions stay the same. The scaling option may be described as "Lets you change the image dimension or resolution but keep the file size the same". Scaling mode disables all options that allow changing the image size in pixels. In the same way, the Photoshop or Elements resize dialog has a check box that directly says Resample, On or Off, and Off means "Scaling".
Several programs use a "Constrain File Size" or "Maintain File Size" option to switch the same "resize" dialog box between Resample mode and Scaling mode.
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